Importância da mobilidade para tetraplégicos e paraplégicos: implementação dos conhecimentos de enfermagem no cuidar multidimensional / Importancia de movilidad para tetrapléjicos y parapléjicos: aplicación delconocimiento en enfermería en el cuidado multidimensional / Importance of mobility for quadriplegics and paraplegics: implementationof nursing knowledge in care multidimensional

Objetivo: realizar uma busca das produções científicas publicadas a respeito da importância dos exercícios físicos na promoção do cuidar multidimensional ao indivíduo paraplégico ou quadriplégico, assim como investigar os conhecimentos da enfermagem sobre o benefício de tais atividades e esclarecer a atuação do enfermeiro na assistência a pessoa paraplégica ou tetraplégica. Métodos: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa, realizada nas bases de dados LILACS, SciELO, MEDLINE, BDENF e portal da CAPES, correspondendo aos anos de 2004 a 2014. Resultados: Os pacientes acometidos por lesão medular apresentam déficits de cuidado e autocuidado. Dessa maneira, constatou-se que a prática de exercícios oferece diversos benefícios incluindo os biopsicossociais. Conclusão: Percebe-se que a prática dos exercícios físicos ainda não tem sua efetivação, contudo é importante o conhecimento da enfermagem sobre estes exercícios, bem como benefícios, a fim de nortear os familiares e prestar uma assistência de qualidade.

Objective: to conduct a search of published scientific works about the importance of exercise in promoting multidimensional care for the paraplegic or quadriplegic individual, as well as to investigate the knowledge of nursing about the benefit of such activities and to clarify the role of the nurse in assisting the person paraplegic or quadriplegic. Methods: This is an integrative review, conducted in the databases LILACS, SciELO, MEDLINE, BDENF e CAPES portal, corresponding to the years from 2004 to 2014. Results: Patients affected by spinal cord injury have deficits of care and self-care. Thus it was found that exercise offers many benefits including biopsychosocial. Conclusion: It was observed that the practice of physical exercise does not yet have effectiveness, however, it is important that nurses know about these benefits to guide the patients’ family members in the provision of quality care.

Objetivo: realizar una búsqueda de trabajos científicos publicados sobre la importancia del ejercicio en la promoción de la atención multidimensional para el individuo parapléjico o tetrapléjico, así como investigar el conocimiento de enfermería sobre el beneficio de tales actividades y aclarar el papel de la enfermera en la asistencia a la persona parapléjicoo tetrapléjico. Métodos: Se trata de una revisión integradora, llevado acabo en las bases de datos de las LILACS, SciELO, MEDLINE, BDENF y portal CAPES, correspondientes a los años de 2004 a 2014. Resultados: Los pacientes afectados por lesiones de la médula espinal tienen déficit de atención y cuidado de sí mismos. Así, se encontró que el ejercicio ofrece muchos beneficios, incluyendo biopsicosociales. Conclusión: Se observóque la práctica de ejercicio físico aún no ha su eficacia, sin embargo, es importante que las enfermeras saben acerca de estos beneficios para orientar sus familiares y proporcionar una atención de calidad.

Speaking Up to Save a Life.

A nurse's advocacy alters the path of a patient with locked-in syndrome.

Emotional Support for Health Care Professionals: A Therapeutic Role for the Hospital Ethics Committee.

Hospital ethics committees (HECs) are typically charged with addressing ethical disputes, conflicts, and dilemmas that arise in the course of patient care. HECs are not widely viewed as having a therapeutic role for health care professionals who experience psychological distress or anticipatory grief in the course of discharging professional duties. A case is presented in which an ethics consultation was requested, chiefly, to secure emotional support for health care professionals who had been asked by a patient to discontinue life-sustaining treatments. As the case demonstrates, HECs may be called upon to provide emotional support and reassurance to health care professionals who willingly carry out psychologically difficult actions, even though these actions may be ethically uncontroversial. In providing this service, the HEC may not necessarily engage in its customary activity of deliberating an ethics issue and resolving a conflict but may still provide valuable assistance, as in the case presented.

Lifestyle changes of a family caring for a 25-year-old quadriplegic man after delayed spinal cord infarction.

Worldwide, 110-190 million people over the age of 15 years are estimated to live with severe disability-a physical state of being defined by the WHO as "the equivalent of disability inferred for conditions such as quadriplegia, severe depression, or blindness." Modes and qualities of disability care undoubtedly vary globally, dependent on income, health infrastructure and culture. Quadriplegia has a unique set of emotional and physical challenges that demand a great deal from care regimens and health systems. This case study examines a specific-and successful-configuration of quadriplegic care in a Druze village in the Golan and looks to the economic, geographic and sociocultural aspects of care.

Perioperative use of bispectral (BIS) monitor for a pressure ulcer patient with locked-in syndrome (LIS).

The bispectral (BIS) monitor uses brain electroencephalographic data to measure the depth of sedation and pharmacological response during anaesthetic procedures. In this case, the BIS monitor was used for another purpose, to demonstrate postoperatively to the nursing staff that a patient with history of locked-in syndrome (LIS), who underwent pressure ulcer debridement, had periods of wakefulness and apparent sensation, even with his eyes closed. Furthermore, as patients with LIS can feel pain, despite being unable to move, local block or general anaesthesia should be provided for sharp surgical debridement and other painful procedures. This use of the BIS has shown that as a general rule, the staff should treat the patient as though he might be awake and sensate even if he does not open his eyes or move his limbs. The goal of this study was to continuously monitor pain level and communicate these findings to the entire wound team, i.e. anaesthesiologists, surgeons and nurses.

A nurse-coached exercise program to increase muscle strength, improve quality of life, and increase self-efficacy in people with tetraplegic spinal cord injuries.

A nurse-coached exercise intervention for 10 people with tetraplegic spinal cord injuries was conducted over a period of 2 years at an accessible, community-based YMCA using an equipment especially designed for people with mobility issues and neurological deficits. In this single-subject design study, each participant completed three 3-hour exercise sessions a week for over 6 months. The purpose of the study was to determine what effects the program would have on increasing muscle strength, improving quality of life, and increasing self-efficacy after traditional outpatient therapy sessions were no longer available or affordable. The Sheehy Spinal Cord Injury Functional Improvement via Exercise Model was constructed at the conclusion of an unpublished pilot study and was tested in this study. Expectations of the model were that, if a person with a tetraplegic spinal cord injury participated in a coached program of exercise, muscle strength would increase and functional ability would improve, resulting in greater independence, a higher sense of self-efficacy, and a higher quality of life. Study results using a single-subject design of graph-trend analysis showed upward trajectories in muscle strength, quality of life, and self-efficacy in all study participants regardless of the length of time since his or her original injury. The results support the efficacy of this nurse-coached program for people with tetraplegic spinal cord injuries and validate the Sheehy Spinal Cord Injury Functional Improvement via Exercise Model.

Hard lessons from a long hospital stay.

This narrative is related in the alternating voices of the two authors. One author, a 55-year-old man, quadriplegic from primary progressive multiple sclerosis, describes the 10 weeks he spent in four facilities for treatment of a stage IV ischial pressure ulcer. The other author, his friend and health care proxy, describes the advocacy and personal assistance she gave him in the face of often inadequate care that at times threatened his safety, comfort, and emotional well-being. The authors describe their differing perspectives on this care, which involved a transfer onto his open wound, frequently missed meals, and poor bowel management and personal hygiene. They believe that inadequate staffing and insufficient training and supervision of nursing assistants, among other factors, underlay these problems.

Better to light a single candle.

The following is a clinical narrative that describes one nurse's attempt to motivate a patient who had recently sustained an injury that caused quadriplegia and the practice implications that arose from "silo" thinking between disciplines.

Lower extremity orthoses in children with spastic quadriplegic cerebral palsy: implications for nurses, parents, and caregivers.

Understanding trends in the prevalence of children with cerebral palsy is vital to evaluating and estimating supportive services for children, families, and caregivers. The majority of children with cerebral palsy require lower extremity orthoses to stabilize their muscles. The pediatric nurse needs a special body of knowledge to accurately assess, apply, manage, teach, and evaluate the use of lower extremity orthoses typically prescribed for this vulnerable population. Inherent in caring for these children is the need to teach the child, the family, and significant others the proper application and care of the orthoses used in hospital and community settings. Nursing literature review does not provide a basis for evidence in designing and teaching orthopaedic care for children with orthoses. A protocol for orthoses management has been developed to assist caregivers to accurately care for children with lower extremity orthotic devices.

Preventing skin breakdown in the immobile child in the home care setting.

The potential for skin breakdown presents significant challenges to the healthcare providers of physically compromised children. Pressure ulcers (PUs) can lead to grave and costly problems in the care of immobile children, contributing to hospital admissions solely for the treatment of skin breakdown and related complications; infection, septicemia, and potential death. Skin breakdown and the development of PUs in children is often overlooked as pediatric healthcare providers do not fully understand or realize the risks. Although there is little written related to skin breakdown and the risk of PU development in children, it is important for nurses who work with children to be fully aware of the factors that place a child at increased risk.